试论唐诗中的品茗情境
摘要
本文从环境,人境,艺境和心境四个层面阐述唐诗中所呈现的品茗情境,综合来看唐代文人的品茗环境,不论是在建筑物中进行或於户外进行,都讲究以气氛宁静,景致幽野清雅,符合茶性(或与品茶旨趣相符)为主,并选择富於文学意蕴能表现文人独特品格的植物作为陪衬,不论是一人独饮,两人对啜或三人以上之茶会,各有其特色与优点.唐代艺术之发达,文人莫不酷好,琴棋书画歌舞或是内在本质与茶性相通,或是艺术旨趣与品茗相符,则与饮茶结合可添茶境之幽静深邃,可增饮茶之情趣与美感,或助益茶会气氛之融洽欢乐,因此,唐代文人乃自然而然地将品茗与琴棋书画歌舞等艺术连系起来.至於品茗的心境则强调贵在闲适,虚静,让自己真正融入茶的世界,品味茶汤的真味,感受自然的美妙,享受闲暇的轻松,进而收修身养性之益也.当然,以上四者实际是互为一体,交相影响的.通过以上之考察,不仅可以发现唐代文人对於品茗情境的用心经营,同时也得知唐以下文人乃至於现代吾人营造品茗情境之构想多源自唐代;虽然,后世对品茶情境的经营也不断地有所创新,甚或超越唐人之处,不过唐代文人对品茗情境的经营毕竟启发了后人,也作了绝佳的示范,这是不容忽视的历史贡献.
关键词:茶,茶诗,唐代茶诗,品茗情境
Tea Drinking Atmosphere Presented in Tang Poetry
Abstract
In this research paper, we discuss four elements of tea-drinking in Tang poetry – surroundings, social environment, artscape, and personal emotion. Tang scholars believe that one should only drink tea in peaceful and gracious surroundings. Tea-drinking can be done either indoors or outdoors. The artscape should contain abundant plants to express the tea-drinking scholar's personal emotions. The Tang Dynasty was prosperous and art flourished during this era. Tang scholars were talented in music, chess, calligraphy, painting, singing and dancing. The artistic talents of these scholars are associated with the distinctive features of tea, and their interest in art is expressed in tea tasting. By combining the drinking of tea with art, a pleasant sense of serenity permeates the tea-drinker's social environment. Not surprisingly, Tang scholars regarded tea drinking as an artistic activity, like making music, playing chess, writing calligraphy, painting, singing and dancing. The personal emotions experienced by the tea-drinking scholar enabled him to be at one with the world. Through tea drinking, Tang scholars tasted the flavor of tea, felt the wonders of nature, enjoyed the freedom of a leisured life, and deepened their self-cultivation.
These four elements - surroundings, social environment, artscape, and personal emotion - were considered as a single entity in tea-drinking. We found out Tang scholars diligently constructed the tea drinking atmosphere. Later generations have continued to improve, even surpass, their achievements in this area. Still, Tang scholars made a great contribution in the evolution of tea-drinking, by being the first to deliberately construct a tea drinking atmosphere, and in the process inspire their successors. We should respect their significant contribution to this key aspect of Chinese history and culture.

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