现在分词和动名词用法比较

动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式.他们的句法功能如下:
:动词的-ing形式如果作句子的主语或者宾语时,应该是动名词形式;如果作补语或者状语时,应该是现在分词形式.那么作表语或者定语的动名词和现在分词又该怎样区分呢
I.动名词与现在分词作表语时的比较
1.动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答 what的问题;现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,说明主语的性质,特征等,回答how的问题.如:
①One of the best exercises is swimming.游泳是最好的运动项目之一.
②What pleases him most is bathing in the sea.最使他高兴的事是在海中沐浴.
③The situation both at home and abroad is very in- spiring.国内外的形势都很鼓舞人心.
④The color is pleasing to the eye.颜色悦目.
2.动名词作表语,表语和主语几乎处于同等地位,可以互换位置,其句意不变;现在分词作表语,表语和主语则不能互换位置.如:
①Our work is serving the people.(=Serving the people is our work.)我们的工作是为人民服务.
②The news was disappointing.那消息令人失望.
3.作表语的现在分词前可以用very,quite,rather, greatly等副词修饰,而动名词则不可以.如:
①What he said was very encouraging.他的话很鼓舞人心.
②Our goal is realizing the four modernizations in the near future.我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化.
4.现在分词与形容词一样可以和more,the most构成形容词的比较级和最高级,而动名词则不可以.如:
The story is the most fascinating.那个故事最迷人.
5.作表语用的现在分词除了和be连用以外,还可以和其它的系动词连用;而作表语的动名词则通常只能和be连用.如:
① His speech seems inspiring.他的演讲似乎很鼓舞人心.
②His interest is writing for the newspapers.他的爱好是给报社写文章.
6.有些用作表语的现在分词已经形容词化了.常见的有:exciting,moving,inspiring,missing,interesting, disappointing等.
II.动名词与现在分词作定语时的比较
1.动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,常可以扩展成一个定语从句.如:
a swimming girl =a girl who is swimming一个在游泳的姑娘
a walking stick =a stick that is used for walking一根拐杖
2.现在分词作定语有时可以后置,而动名词则通常只能放在它所修饰的名词之前.如:
①The girl wearing glasses is one of his students.戴眼镜的那个女孩是他的一个学生.
②I bought some reading materials.我买了一些阅读材料.