Biogeochemistry of Trace elements
Chapter 8. 植物对微量元素之忍受及超级累积吸收
陈尊贤
台大农化系 soilchen@ccms.ntu.edu.tw, tel: 2369-8349
Printed on Dec. 5, 2004
Response of plant to conc. of Trace metal
Significant relations (good indicator plant)
Accumulation (hyperaccumulator plant)
Exclusive plant
Tolerant plant
禾本科植物
十字花科植物 (蕃茄,胡瓜,莴苣等)
Hyperaccumulator plant
Definition (Brown et al., 1995): Cd>100 mg/kg, Se >1000 mg/kg, Ni, Cu, and Co >5000 mg/kg, Zn and Mg >10,000 mg/kg
The conc. of HM in plant is 20-200 times of that of non-hyperaccumulator plants
Bioconcentration factor (BCF) (conc. of plant harvested / conc. in soil solution) >1000.
420 species were found (Reeves and baker, 2000)
4. Pb
布袋莲(Eichhornia crassipes)植物体中可累积25,800mg Pb kg-1 (Muramoto and Oki, 1983)
浮萍(Lemna polyrhiza (L.) Schleid)可累积10,000mg Pb kg-1(Sharma et al., 1995),种植
满江红(Azolla pinnata R. Br.)及duckweed (Lemna minor L.)可分别累积7,645及6,662 mg Pb kg-1 (Jain et al., 1990)
向日葵(Helianthus annuus)可累积5,600mg Pb kg-1(Kumar et al., 1995b),
榨菜(Brassica juncea cultivar 426308)则累积34,500mg Pb kg-1,若以生物量以每公顷18公吨计算,则每次收割地上部约可移除620 kg Pb ha-1 (Kumar et al., 1995a).
十字花科Thlaspi caerulescens是一种著名的植生复育植物,常用於受重金属污染土壤之植生复育研究,地上部会累积8,500mg Pb kg-1(Brown et al., 1995),Thlaspi rotundifolium亦为一著名之重金属累积植物,最多可累积8,200mg Pb kg-1(Reeves and Brooks, 1983).
5. Cd
生长於重金属浓度为15mg Cd L-1溶液中满江红科之Azolla filiculoides可累积大於10,000mg Cd kg-1 (Sela et al., 1989),
生长於10mg Cd L-1溶液中之duckweed (Lemna minor L.)可以吸收13,300mg Cd kg-1,BCF值为1,300 (Zayed et al., 1998),布袋莲(Eichhornia crassipes)可以吸收6,300mg Cd kg-1,BCF值为2,150 (Zhu et al., 1999a),
Muramoto (1983 & 1989)曾测得布袋莲植物体内镉浓度分别为10,600及36,000mg kg-1.
Thlaspi caerulescens在200mg Cd L-1之环境中,地上部可累积1,140mg Cd kg-1,但植物本身会出现生长之毒害,如在未出现生长毒害之情形下,则可累积超过1,000mg Cd kg-1 (Brown et al., 1995)
Lombi et al. (2000)发现生长於500μM含镉溶液之T. caerulescens地上部可累积大於14,100mg Cd kg-1,根部可累积大於28,000mg Cd kg-1.

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