蕅益智旭沟通儒佛的方法论探究
华梵大学哲学系杜保瑞
摘要:
本文讨论蕅益智旭会通儒佛的观念构作,藉由智旭注解儒家经典之义理分析,指出智旭仅为教化作用沟通儒佛,其实是藉儒说佛,实未有真於义理上会通儒佛的成效.智旭以佛理诠解儒书,以心学沟通儒佛,复以佛教世界观定位儒学价值,在在显示清楚明确的佛教立场,儒者不可即以智旭之作理解儒学,因为注解所依之义理皆即是佛学,智旭之作真有教化作用者首在於引儒入佛,其次在於藉儒批佛,批其未能真正实践佛法教义之佛弟子,智旭之一切所言,最终归趣仍是佛家.
关键辞:蕅益智旭；儒佛会通；三教合一；方法论；
The methodology study of the Master Ou-yi Zhi-xu's integrating works between the Buddhism and the Confucianism
Abstract
OU YI was a Zen master in the late Ming Dynasty. He did lots of theoretical works to integrate the different schools of the Chinese Mahayana Buddhism, and to integrate the Confucianism and the Buddhism. He applied lots of the Buddhism theories to interpret the Confucianism' classics. It seems that the philosophy of the Confucianism is quite the same as the Buddhism in his works. Actually, he was just make the use of the opportunity of the interpretation of the Confucianism classics to introduce and widespread the philosophy of the Buddhism. Therefore, in the study of the methodology about the possibility of the integration between the philosophy of the Confucianism and the Buddhism was never really realized in the works of the Master OU YI. Still more to say the master even criticize the Confucianism in two things. First, the Confucianists never really love the life because they emphasize the virtue of kindness but not Vegetarians themselves. Second, the Confucianists never really know the meaning of the filial obligation because they didn't know the life after the death. In general, Master OU YI was a Buddhist in his nature, and his interpretation of Confucianism and integrating works between the Buddhism and Confucianism were all based on his Buddhist viewpoints.
Keywords
Ou-yi Zhi-xu; Zen; Confucianism; Buddhism; methodology; integration;
前言:
「儒佛会通」是一个传统价值观中的重要议题,展现在佛教传入中国以后的哲学史中,这其中有站在儒家立场的观点,也有站在佛教立场的观点,有采取会通的立场,也有采取对立的立场,这是一个开放性的议题,哲学史上有著丰富的讨论.蕅益智旭一生处理儒佛之间的义理工作是极多的,当然他主要的理论工作是佛学的研议,但是他处理儒学论著的成果亦处处可见,本文即将就其针对儒佛的发言,研究智旭站在佛教思想立场上的「儒佛会通」的义理型态究竟是何种面貌.

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