第 38 卷第 5 期 2007 年 10 月
中南大学学报(自然科学版) J. Cent. South Univ. (Science and Technology)
Vol.38 No.5 Oct. 2007
摆动式单波束超声波水下微地形探测
赵海鸣,卜英勇,王纪婵,罗柏文 (中南大学 机电工程学院,湖南 长沙,410083)
摘 要:在分析各种水下地形测量方法及其特点的基础上,提出应用互相关超声波测距方法进行水下微地形高程
数据测量.通过发射信号与回波信号进行互相关运算精确捕捉回波信号的到达时刻以实现高程数据的测量.设计 一种以单探头单波束超声波测距为基础的水下微地形测量系统,并分析信号处理电路和数字信号处理方法.对不 同地形和不同底质的地形进行高程数据测量,对海底模拟地形进行探测与重构.研究结果表明:经过时间增益控 制和滤波处理后的信号所含有的噪声和混响信号得到了抑制;应用互相关超声波测距方法得到的高程数据误差在 1~1 cm 以内;生成的微地形图真实地反映了被测地形的地貌特征. 关键词:富钴结壳;微地形;水下声纳;单波束 中图分类号:TB566 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7207(2007)05093205
Detection of seabed cobalt-rich crusts micro-topography based on single-beam ultrasonic wave
ZHAO Hai-ming, BU Ying-yong, WANG Ji-chan, LUO Bo-wen
(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China) Abstract:Based on analyzing various methods of detecting underwater topography, a new method of measurement elevation data of underwater micro-topography based on correlation ultrasonic range was proposed. To achieve precise elevation data, the time-delay was obtained by correlation operation sending wave and receiving wave. A system of detecting underwater micro-topography based on single-probe single-beam ultrasonic wave was designed. The signal processing circuit and data signal processing method were emphatically analyzed. The elevation data of various terrains with different stuffs and figures were measured. The stimulant seabed terrain was detected and reconstructed. The results show that the extent of reverberation and noise is small. The error of elevation data gained by correlation ultrasonic range is from 1 cm to 1 cm. The micro-topography map reconstructed really reflects the characters of the terrain detected. Key words: cobalt-rich crusts; micro-topography; underwater sonar; single-beam
海底富钴结壳基岩的地形起伏很大,平坦处起伏 为 5~10 cm;复杂处经常出现台阶与峭壁,落差为 0.5 m 至数米, 有时出现沟槽, 其间布满沉积物及大块 卵石[13].为了有效地进行海底富钴结壳矿床的开采, 需要掌握海山上富钴结壳矿区的微地形(即以厘米为 精度级的地形图)特性,并以此控制采矿头的切削参

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