* 薄板激光切割气熔比数学建模及试验验证
孟庆轩 王续跃 徐文骥 康仁科 郭东明
(大连理工大学机械工程学院 大连 116024)
摘要:为研究薄板激光切割气熔比规律,分析激光切割区域内材料气化和熔化去除的形式,研究熔化层能量和质量流动状态, 建立薄板激光切割的气熔比数学模型,并得到气熔比值和残留熔融层厚度随激光功率和扫描速度的变化.借助激光切割半径 的回归修正,模拟得到激光切割 0.5mm 厚 6063 铝合金薄板时气熔比值及残留熔融层厚度.发现随激光功率增大和扫描速度 的降低,气熔比增大,残留熔融层厚度减小.在 JK701H 型激光加工系统进行验证试验,得到并观察 65W,2.2mm/s,85W, 2mm/s 和 105W,1.8mm/s 三种参数下的切口,计算试验气熔比值和残留熔融层厚度,表明模拟结果与试验基本吻合,验证 模型的可行性,为基于气熔比控制的激光精密切割工艺提供重要依据. 关键词:激光切割 薄板 气熔比 数学模型 试验验证 中图分类号:TG665TN249
Vaporizationmelt Ratio Mathematical ModelandExperimentsofLaser CuttingSheetMetal
MENGQingxuan WANGXuyue XUWenji KANGRenke GUODongming
(CollegeofMechanicalEngineering,DalianUniversityofTechnology,Dalian116024)
Abstract: Amathematicalmodelofvaporizationmelt ratio is developedforimprovingof thequalityinlasercuttingsheetmetal.The materialremoveformsofvaporizationandmeltincuttingareaareanalyzed,andtheenergyandmassflowareresearched.Variation of vaporizationmelt ratio and thickness of residual molten layer with laser power and scanning speed are obtained. The vaporizationmelt ratio andthethicknessof residualmoltenlayerduringlasercuttingof6063aluminum sheets,0.5mm inthickness, aresimulatedundertheregressioncorrectionofcutradius.Itisfoundthatvaporizationmeltratioincreasewithlaserpowerandthe decrease with scanning speed, as opposed to the thickness of residual molten layer. Experimental verification is carried out on a JK701Hlaser machining system. Three cuts are achieved under different parameters, which are 65 W2.2mm/s,85W2mm/s and 105W1.8mm/s, respectively. Vaporizationmeltratioandthickness ofresidual molten layer are calculated.The resultsshow good agreement between vaporizationmelt ratio model and experiments. The analysis verifies this model is feasible and it makes contributiontolaserprecisioncutting. Keywords:Lasercutting Sheetmetal Vaporizationmelt ratio Mathematicalmodel Experimentalverification
0 前言
铝合金薄板高质量激光切割一直是个难题,主 [1] 要由于切口存在挂渣,重铸层及条纹 .这些质量 影响因素的产生取决于激光切割中材料去除的两种 [2] 基本形态,即气化和熔化 .气化材料直接去除, [3] 熔化层材料形成残留熔融层 .残留熔融层一部分 被辅助吹气吹除,另一部分冷凝后形成挂渣,重铸

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