Flora of China 8: 218–221. 2001. 11. PHEDIMUS Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 438. 1817. 费菜属 fei cai shu Herbs perennial. Rootstock thick. Stems arising from rootstock or persistent basal part of flowering stems, simple, glabrous, rarely pubescent. Leaves alternate or opposite, petiolate or sessile; leaf blade flat, margin serrate or crenate. Inflorescences terminal, cymose with 3 main branches, bractless, many flowered. Flowers sessile or nearly so, bisexual, mostly 5-merous. Sepals basally connate, fleshy, spurless. Petals spreading at anthesis, nearly free, bright yellow. Stamens 2 * as many as petals, in 2 series. Nectar scales entire or apex emarginate. Ovaries and follicles with adaxial outgrowth. Styles short, oblique or spreading at flowering. Follicles many seeded. Seeds striate. About 20 species: Asia, Europe; eight species (two endemic) in China. A record of Phedimus stevenianus (Rouy & E. G. Camus) 't Hart (Sedum stevenianum Rouy & E. G. Camus, based on S. roseum Steven (1812), not (Linnaeus) Scopoli (1771)) from China by H. Léveillé (Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan, 62. 1916, as S. hametianum H. Léveillé, also based on S. roseum Steven) is based on a misidentification. True P. stevenianus occurs in the Caucasus region and has never been collected in China. 1a. Plants densely grayish pubescent 1. P. selskianus 1b. Plants glabrous. 2a. Rootstock tuberous, roots carrot-shaped, robust; stems few, erect. 3a. Carpels 5 2. P. aizoon 3b. Carpels 8(or 12 or 20)3. P. hsinganicus 2b. Rootstock not tuberous, roots not carrot-shaped or absent; stems numerous, ascending or decumbent (sometimes erect in P. middendorffianus). 4a. Leaves linear-spatulate, 0.3–0.5 cm wide 4. P. middendorffianus 4b. Leaves not linear-spatulate, 0.5–3 cm wide. 5a. Stems many branched; sepals linear to oblanceolate 5. P. floriferus 5b. Stem simple or few branched; sepals lanceolate, triangular-linear, or suboblong (sometimes linear in P. hybridus). 6a. Stems branched, decumbent; sepals linear to suboblong; follicles initially suberect, stellately divergent at maturity 8. P. hybridus 6b. Stems simple, ascending; sepals lanceolate to triangular-linear; follicles stellately horizontally spreading. 7a. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate 6. P. kamtschaticus 7b. Leaves pseudopetiolate, oblong, elliptic, or ovate 7. P. odontophyllus 1. Phedimus selskianus (Regel & Maack) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 169. 1995. 灰毛费菜 hui mao fei cai Sedum selskianum Regel & Maack, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 66. 1861; Aizopsis selskiana (Regel & Maack) Grulich; S. aizoon Linnaeus subsp. selskianum (Regel & Maack) Fr?derstr?m. Herbs perennial, densely grayish pubescent. Stems nu- merous, simple or branched, erect or ascending, 25–40 cm, woody. Leaves alternate; leaf blade linear- lanceolate, 3–6 * 0.5–1 cm, base connate, margin serrate in apical 1/2. Inflorescence corymbiform, 4–8 cm in diam., many flowered. Flowers unequally 5- merous. Sepals linear-lanceolate, 2–4 * ca. 1 mm, base subconnate, apex obtuse and acuminate. Petals golden- yellow, lanceolate, 4–7 mm, apex acuminate. Stamens 10, slightly shorter than petals; antepetalous ones inserted near petal base; anthers orange. Nectar scales transversely wide to subquadrangular, ca. 0.3 mm. Carpels horizontally spreading, narrowly oblong, 5–6 mm; apical beak ca. 1 mm. Seeds brown, oblong, ca. 0.8 mm. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep. Rocks on slopes. E Heilongjiang, E Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, Russia]. 2. Phedimus aizoon (Linnaeus) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. 费菜 fei cai Herbs perennial. Roots tuberous, carrot-shaped to narrowly conical. Rootstock short, robust. Stems 1–3, simple, erect, 20–50 cm. Leaves alternate; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic, ovate- oblanceolate, ovate, broadly ovate, or orbicular, 3.5–8 * 0.5–3 cm, base cuneate, margin irregularly serrate, apex obtuse-rounded or acuminate. Inflorescence horizontally branched, many flowered; bracts leaflike. Flowers unequally 5-merous. Sepals linear, unequal, 3– 5 mm, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, oblong to elliptic- lanceolate, 6–10 mm, apex mucronate. Stamens 10, shorter than petals. Nectar scales subquadrangular, ca. 0.3 mm. Carpels ovoid-oblong, adaxially convex, base connate. Styles narrowly subulate. Follicles stellate, ca. 7 mm. Seeds ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug– Sep. Scrub, ravine edges in valleys, grasslands on rocky slopes, sandy, sunny, and grassy places on mountains, shady places on slopes, field banks, rock crevices; 1000–3100 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilong- jiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Russia]. 1a. Plants minutely roughly papillate . 2c. var. scabrus 1b. Plants smooth. 2a. Leaf blade less than 0.5 cm wide 2d. var. yamatutae 2b. Leaf blade 1.2–3 cm wide. 3a. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate- oblanceolate, 1.2–2 cm wide, apex acute 2a. var. aizoon 3b. Leaf blade elliptic, ovate, broadly obovate, or sometimes orbicular, to 3 cm wide, apex obtuse- rounded 2b. var. latifolius 2a. Phedimus aizoon var. aizoon 费菜(原变种) fei cai (yuan bian zhong) Sedum aizoon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 430. 1753; Aizopsis aizoon (Linnaeus) Grulich; Sedum aizoon var. floribundum Nakai; S. aizoon var. glabrifolium (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. pseudoaizoon Debeaux; S. selskianum Regel & Maack var. glaberrimum Kitagawa; S. selskianum var. glabrifolium Kitagawa; S. yantaiense Debeaux. Plants smooth. Leaves leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-oblanceolate, 1.2–2 cm wide, apex acute. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. Scrub, ravine edges in valleys, field banks, rock crevices; 2500–3100 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Russia]. The plants are used medicinally. 2b. Phedimus aizoon var. latifolius (Maximowicz) H. Ohba et al., Novon 10: 401. 2000. 宽叶费菜 kuan ye fei cai Sedum aizoon var. latifolium Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 115. 1859; S. aizoon var. austromanshuricum (Nakai & Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. austromanshuricum Nakai & Kitagawa. Plants smooth. Leaves leaf blade elliptic, ovate, broadly obovate, or sometimes orbicular, to 3 cm wide, apex obtuse-rounded. Fl. Jul. Sandy, sunny, and grassy places on mountains; 1000–1800 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong [Korea, Russia]. 2c. Phedimus aizoon var. scabrus (Maximowicz) H. Ohba et al., Novon 10: 401. 2000. 乳毛费菜 ru mao fei cai Sedum aizoon var. scabrum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 29: 144. 1834. Plants minutely roughly papillate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug. ? Grasslands on rocky slopes; 1500–3100 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, S Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shanxi. 2d. Phedimus aizoon var. yamatutae (Kitagawa) H. Ohba et al., Novon 10: 401. 2000. 狭叶费菜 xia ye fei cai Sedum aizoon var. yamatutae Kitagawa, Lin. Fl. Manshur. 247. 1939; S. aizoon Linnaeus var. angustifolium (Franchet) Chu; S. aizoon Linnaeus f. angustifolium Franchet. Plants smooth. Leaf less than 0.5 cm wide. Shady places on slopes; 1300–1400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong [Russia]. 3. Phedimus hsinganicus (Y. C. Chu ex S. H. Fu & Y. H. Huang) H. Ohba et al., Novon 10: 402. 2000. 兴安费菜 xing an fei cai Sedum hsinganicum Y. C. Chu ex S. H. Fu & Y. H. Huang in Liou, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Orient. 4: 230. 1980. Herbs perennial. Roots tuberous, carrot-shaped to nar- rowly conical. Rootstock short. Stems 3–5, 20–30 cm; remains of stems from previous year few, basally branched, terete, more than 25 cm. Leaves subopposite or alternate; leaf blade obovate-oblong, 4–7 * 1.5–3 cm, veinlets anastomosing near margin, base attenuate, margin sparsely serrate to subentire, apex obtuse- rounded. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, densely flowered, bracteate; peduncle long. Flowers numerous, unequally 8(or 12 or 20)-merous. Sepals triangular- lanceolate, subequal, 0.5–1.8 mm, apex acuminate. Petals yellow, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 5.2 * 1.5 mm, apex acuminate and mucronate. Stamens 16; antesepalous ones ca. 4.8 mm; antepetalous ones ca. 3 mm, inserted ca. 1 mm from petal base. Nectar scales subquadrangular, ca. 0.9 mm, apex subtruncate. Carpels lanceolate, ca. 5.5 mm, base connate for ca. 1 mm, apex divergent. Styles ca. 1.5 mm. Seeds few, brown, oblong, ca. 0.8 mm. Fl. Aug. ? Stony slopes; 700–800 m. N Nei Mongol (Hulun Buir Meng). 4. Phedimus middendorffianus (Maximowicz) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 169. 1995. 吉林费菜 ji lin fei cai Sedum middendorffianum Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 116. 1859; Aizopsis middendorffiana (Maximowicz) Grulich; Sedum aizoon Linnaeus subsp. middendorffianum (Maximowicz) Fr?derstr?m; S. middendorffianum var. diffusum Praeger. Herbs perennial. Rootstock branched, creeping, woody. Stems numerous, tufted, basally branched, erect or ascending, 10–30 cm, usually persistent. Leaves alternate; leaf blade linear-spatulate, 1.2–2.5 * 0.3–0.5 cm, base cuneate, margin apically serrate, apex obtuse. Inflorescence often with divergent branches, many flowered. Flowers unequally 5-merous. Sepals linear, 2–3 * 0.6–0.8 mm, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 5–11 * 1.8–3 mm, apex acuminate and mucronate. Stamens 10, shorter than petals; filaments yellow; anthers purple. Nectar scales minute, margin subentire. Carpels lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, base connate for ca. 2 mm. Styles ca. 1 mm. Follicles stellately subhorizontal, apex shortly beaked. Seeds ovoid, minute. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. Among rocks in forests in mountainous areas; 300–1000 m. Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea, Russia]. 5. Phedimus floriferus (Praeger) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. 多花费菜 duo hua fei cai Sedum floriferum Praeger, J. Bot. 56: 149. 1918. Herbs perennial. Rootstock branched, short, woody. Stems ascending, 15–30 cm, apically sparsely papillate. Leaves alternate; leaf blade spatulate, 2.5–4.5 * 8–13 mm, base cuneate, margin apically sparsely serrate, apex obtuse-rounded. Flowering stems apically with numerous short axillary branches. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, densely many flowered. Flowers unequally 5-merous. Sepals linear to oblanceolate, un- equal, 2–4 mm, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, lanceolate, 4–5 * 1.5–2 mm. Stamens 10, slightly shorter than petals. Nectar scales minute, subquadrangular, margin entire. Carpels initially erect, later ± curved, equaling or slightly shorter than petals. Styles slender. Fl. Jun–Jul. ? Low mountainous areas; below 1000 m. E Shandong (Weihai Shi, Yantai Shi). 6. Phedimus kamtschaticus (Fischer) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. 堪察加费菜 kan cha jia fei cai Sedum kamtschaticum Fischer & C. A. Meyer, Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 7: 54. 1840; Aizopsis kamtschatica (Fischer) Grulich; Sedum aizoon Linnaeus subsp. kamtschaticum (Fischer) Fr?derstr?m. Herbs perennial. Rootstock branched, thickened, woody. Stems mostly simple, ascending, 15–40 cm, sometimes papillate. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely 3- verticillate; leaf blade oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate, 2.5–7 * 0.5–3 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margin apically sparsely serrate to crenate, apex obtuse- rounded. Inflorescence terminal. Flowers unequally 5- merous. Sepals lanceolate, 3–4 mm, base broad, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, lanceolate, 6–8 mm, abaxially keeled, apex acuminate and mucronate. Stamens 10, slightly shorter than petals; anthers orange. Nectar scales subquadrangular, minute. Carpels erect, equaling or slightly shorter than petals, adaxially gibbous, base connate for ca. 2 mm. Follicles stellately horizontal. Seeds brown, obovoid, minute. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. Rocky slopes; 600–1800 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Russia]. 7. Phedimus odontophyllus (Fr?derstr?m) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 169. 1995. 齿叶费菜 chi ye fei cai Sedum odontophyllum Fr?derstr?m, Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 117. 1932; Aizopsis odontophylla (Fr?derstr?m) Grulich. Herbs perennial, creeping when young, glabrous. Roots long, fibrous. Sterile shoots ascending, 5–10 cm, apically often leafy. Flowering stems rooting at base, ascending, 10–30 cm. Leaves alternate, opposite, or 3- verticillate; pseudopetiole 1.1–1.8 cm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 2–5 * 1.2–2.8 cm, base abruptly tapered, margin sparsely and irregularly dentate, apex obtuse to subacute. Inflorescence branches scorpioid. Flowers sessile, 5- or 6-merous. Sepals triangular-linear, 2–2.5 mm, base dilated and spurless, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, lanceolate-oblong to subovate, 5–7 * 1.7–2 mm, base slightly narrowed, apex long mucronate. Stamens 10–12; antepetalous ones 3–4.5 mm, inserted near petal base. Nectar scales subquadrangular, ca. 0.5 * 0.4–0.6 mm, apex slightly dilated and emarginate. Carpels suberect, ovoid-oblong, 3–4 mm, adaxially slightly gibbous, base connate for 0.5–0.7 mm. Follicles stellately horizontal, ca. 5 mm, base connate for ca. 1 mm. Seeds numerous. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun. Moist shady rocks on mountain slopes; 300–1300 m. W Hubei, SE Sichuan [Nepal]. This species is used medicinally. 8. Phedimus hybridus (Linnaeus) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. 杂交费菜 za jiao fei cai Sedum hybridum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 431. 1753; Aizopsis hybrida (Linnaeus) Grulich. Herbs perennial. Rootstock branched, prostrate, cordlike, long, woody. Stems branched, creeping, decumbent; sterile shoots short, densely leafy. Flowering stems to 30 cm. Leaves alternate; leaf blade spatulate-elliptic to obovate, 1.5–3 * 1–2 cm, base cuneate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse. Inflo- rescence terminal, 3–5 cm in diam. Flowers unequally 5-merous. Sepals often subequal, linear to suboblong, 4–8 mm. Petals yellow, lanceolate, 8–10 * ca. 4 mm. Stamens 10; anthers orange. Nectar scales small, transversely wide. Carpels divergent, yellowish green. Styles slender. Follicles initially suberect, stellately divergent at maturity, ellipsoid, 8–10 mm, base connate for ca. 2 mm. Seeds ellipsoid, less than 1 mm. Fl. Jun– Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. Rock crevices on forested slopes; 1400–2500 m. NW Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].
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Flora of China 8: 218–221. 2001. 11. PHEDIMUS Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 438. 1817. 费菜属 fei cai shu Herbs perennial. Rootstock thick. Stems arising from rootstock or persistent basal part of flowering stems, simple, glabrous, rarely pubescent. Leaves alternate or opposite, petiolate or sessile; leaf blade flat, margin serrate or crenate. Inflorescences terminal, cymose with 3 main branches, bractless, many flowered. Flowers sessile or nearly so, bisexual, mostly 5-merous. Sepals basally connate, fleshy, spurless. Petals spreading at anthesis, nearly free, bright yellow. Stamens 2 * as many as petals, in 2 series. Nectar scales entire or apex emarginate. Ovaries and follicles with adaxial outgrowth. Styles short, oblique or spreading at flowering. Follicles many seeded. Seeds striate. About 20 species: Asia, Europe; eight species (two endemic) in China. A record of Phedimus stevenianus (Rouy & E. G. Camus) 't Hart (Sedum stevenianum Rouy & E. G. Camus, based on S. roseum Steven (1812), not (Linnaeus) Scopoli (1771)) from China by H. Léveillé (Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan, 62. 1916, as S. hametianum H. Léveillé, also based on S. roseum Steven) is based on a misidentification. True P. stevenianus occurs in the Caucasus region and has never been collected in China. 1a. Plants densely grayish pubescent 1. P. selskianus 1b. Plants glabrous. 2a. Rootstock tuberous, roots carrot-shaped, robust; stems few, erect. 3a. Carpels 5 2. P. aizoon 3b. Carpels 8(or 12 or 20)3. P. hsinganicus 2b. Rootstock not tuberous, roots not carrot-shaped or absent; stems numerous, ascending or decumbent (sometimes erect in P. middendorffianus). 4a. Leaves linear-spatulate, 0.3–0.5 cm wide 4. P. middendorffianus 4b. Leaves not linear-spatulate, 0.5–3 cm wide. 5a. Stems many branched; sepals linear to oblanceolate 5. P. floriferus 5b. Stem simple or few branched; sepals lanceolate, triangular-linear, or suboblong (sometimes linear in P. hybridus). 6a. Stems branched, decumbent; sepals linear to suboblong; follicles initially suberect, stellately divergent at maturity 8. P. hybridus 6b. Stems simple, ascending; sepals lanceolate to triangular-linear; follicles stellately horizontally spreading. 7a. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate 6. P. kamtschaticus 7b. Leaves pseudopetiolate, oblong, elliptic, or ovate 7. P. odontophyllus 1. Phedimus selskianus (Regel & Maack) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 169. 1995. 灰毛费菜 hui mao fei cai Sedum selskianum Regel & Maack, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 66. 1861; Aizopsis selskiana (Regel & Maack) Grulich; S. aizoon Linnaeus subsp. selskianum (Regel & Maack) Fr?derstr?m. Herbs perennial, densely grayish pubescent. Stems nu- merous, simple or branched, erect or ascending, 25–40 cm, woody. Leaves alternate; leaf blade linear- lanceolate, 3–6 * 0.5–1 cm, base connate, margin serrate in apical 1/2. Inflorescence corymbiform, 4–8 cm in diam., many flowered. Flowers unequally 5- merous. Sepals linear-lanceolate, 2–4 * ca. 1 mm, base subconnate, apex obtuse and acuminate. Petals golden- yellow, lanceolate, 4–7 mm, apex acuminate. Stamens 10, slightly shorter than petals; antepetalous ones inserted near petal base; anthers orange. Nectar scales transversely wide to subquadrangular, ca. 0.3 mm. Carpels horizontally spreading, narrowly oblong, 5–6 mm; apical beak ca. 1 mm. Seeds brown, oblong, ca. 0.8 mm. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep. Rocks on slopes. E Heilongjiang, E Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, Russia]. 2. Phedimus aizoon (Linnaeus) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. 费菜 fei cai Herbs perennial. Roots tuberous, carrot-shaped to narrowly conical. Rootstock short, robust. Stems 1–3, simple, erect, 20–50 cm. Leaves alternate; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic, ovate- oblanceolate, ovate, broadly ovate, or orbicular, 3.5–8 * 0.5–3 cm, base cuneate, margin irregularly serrate, apex obtuse-rounded or acuminate. Inflorescence horizontally branched, many flowered; bracts leaflike. Flowers unequally 5-merous. Sepals linear, unequal, 3– 5 mm, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, oblong to elliptic- lanceolate, 6–10 mm, apex mucronate. Stamens 10, shorter than petals. Nectar scales subquadrangular, ca. 0.3 mm. Carpels ovoid-oblong, adaxially convex, base connate. Styles narrowly subulate. Follicles stellate, ca. 7 mm. Seeds ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug– Sep. Scrub, ravine edges in valleys, grasslands on rocky slopes, sandy, sunny, and grassy places on mountains, shady places on slopes, field banks, rock crevices; 1000–3100 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilong- jiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Russia]. 1a. Plants minutely roughly papillate . 2c. var. scabrus 1b. Plants smooth. 2a. Leaf blade less than 0.5 cm wide 2d. var. yamatutae 2b. Leaf blade 1.2–3 cm wide. 3a. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate- oblanceolate, 1.2–2 cm wide, apex acute 2a. var. aizoon 3b. Leaf blade elliptic, ovate, broadly obovate, or sometimes orbicular, to 3 cm wide, apex obtuse- rounded 2b. var. latifolius 2a. Phedimus aizoon var. aizoon 费菜(原变种) fei cai (yuan bian zhong) Sedum aizoon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 430. 1753; Aizopsis aizoon (Linnaeus) Grulich; Sedum aizoon var. floribundum Nakai; S. aizoon var. glabrifolium (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. pseudoaizoon Debeaux; S. selskianum Regel & Maack var. glaberrimum Kitagawa; S. selskianum var. glabrifolium Kitagawa; S. yantaiense Debeaux. Plants smooth. Leaves leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-oblanceolate, 1.2–2 cm wide, apex acute. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. Scrub, ravine edges in valleys, field banks, rock crevices; 2500–3100 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Russia]. The plants are used medicinally. 2b. Phedimus aizoon var. latifolius (Maximowicz) H. Ohba et al., Novon 10: 401. 2000. 宽叶费菜 kuan ye fei cai Sedum aizoon var. latifolium Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 115. 1859; S. aizoon var. austromanshuricum (Nakai & Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. austromanshuricum Nakai & Kitagawa. Plants smooth. Leaves leaf blade elliptic, ovate, broadly obovate, or sometimes orbicular, to 3 cm wide, apex obtuse-rounded. Fl. Jul. Sandy, sunny, and grassy places on mountains; 1000–1800 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong [Korea, Russia]. 2c. Phedimus aizoon var. scabrus (Maximowicz) H. Ohba et al., Novon 10: 401. 2000. 乳毛费菜 ru mao fei cai Sedum aizoon var. scabrum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 29: 144. 1834. Plants minutely roughly papillate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug. ? Grasslands on rocky slopes; 1500–3100 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, S Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shanxi. 2d. Phedimus aizoon var. yamatutae (Kitagawa) H. Ohba et al., Novon 10: 401. 2000. 狭叶费菜 xia ye fei cai Sedum aizoon var. yamatutae Kitagawa, Lin. Fl. Manshur. 247. 1939; S. aizoon Linnaeus var. angustifolium (Franchet) Chu; S. aizoon Linnaeus f. angustifolium Franchet. Plants smooth. Leaf less than 0.5 cm wide. Shady places on slopes; 1300–1400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong [Russia]. 3. Phedimus hsinganicus (Y. C. Chu ex S. H. Fu & Y. H. Huang) H. Ohba et al., Novon 10: 402. 2000. 兴安费菜 xing an fei cai Sedum hsinganicum Y. C. Chu ex S. H. Fu & Y. H. Huang in Liou, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Orient. 4: 230. 1980. Herbs perennial. Roots tuberous, carrot-shaped to nar- rowly conical. Rootstock short. Stems 3–5, 20–30 cm; remains of stems from previous year few, basally branched, terete, more than 25 cm. Leaves subopposite or alternate; leaf blade obovate-oblong, 4–7 * 1.5–3 cm, veinlets anastomosing near margin, base attenuate, margin sparsely serrate to subentire, apex obtuse- rounded. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, densely flowered, bracteate; peduncle long. Flowers numerous, unequally 8(or 12 or 20)-merous. Sepals triangular- lanceolate, subequal, 0.5–1.8 mm, apex acuminate. Petals yellow, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 5.2 * 1.5 mm, apex acuminate and mucronate. Stamens 16; antesepalous ones ca. 4.8 mm; antepetalous ones ca. 3 mm, inserted ca. 1 mm from petal base. Nectar scales subquadrangular, ca. 0.9 mm, apex subtruncate. Carpels lanceolate, ca. 5.5 mm, base connate for ca. 1 mm, apex divergent. Styles ca. 1.5 mm. Seeds few, brown, oblong, ca. 0.8 mm. Fl. Aug. ? Stony slopes; 700–800 m. N Nei Mongol (Hulun Buir Meng). 4. Phedimus middendorffianus (Maximowicz) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 169. 1995. 吉林费菜 ji lin fei cai Sedum middendorffianum Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 116. 1859; Aizopsis middendorffiana (Maximowicz) Grulich; Sedum aizoon Linnaeus subsp. middendorffianum (Maximowicz) Fr?derstr?m; S. middendorffianum var. diffusum Praeger. Herbs perennial. Rootstock branched, creeping, woody. Stems numerous, tufted, basally branched, erect or ascending, 10–30 cm, usually persistent. Leaves alternate; leaf blade linear-spatulate, 1.2–2.5 * 0.3–0.5 cm, base cuneate, margin apically serrate, apex obtuse. Inflorescence often with divergent branches, many flowered. Flowers unequally 5-merous. Sepals linear, 2–3 * 0.6–0.8 mm, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 5–11 * 1.8–3 mm, apex acuminate and mucronate. Stamens 10, shorter than petals; filaments yellow; anthers purple. Nectar scales minute, margin subentire. Carpels lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, base connate for ca. 2 mm. Styles ca. 1 mm. Follicles stellately subhorizontal, apex shortly beaked. Seeds ovoid, minute. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. Among rocks in forests in mountainous areas; 300–1000 m. Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea, Russia]. 5. Phedimus floriferus (Praeger) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. 多花费菜 duo hua fei cai Sedum floriferum Praeger, J. Bot. 56: 149. 1918. Herbs perennial. Rootstock branched, short, woody. Stems ascending, 15–30 cm, apically sparsely papillate. Leaves alternate; leaf blade spatulate, 2.5–4.5 * 8–13 mm, base cuneate, margin apically sparsely serrate, apex obtuse-rounded. Flowering stems apically with numerous short axillary branches. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, densely many flowered. Flowers unequally 5-merous. Sepals linear to oblanceolate, un- equal, 2–4 mm, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, lanceolate, 4–5 * 1.5–2 mm. Stamens 10, slightly shorter than petals. Nectar scales minute, subquadrangular, margin entire. Carpels initially erect, later ± curved, equaling or slightly shorter than petals. Styles slender. Fl. Jun–Jul. ? Low mountainous areas; below 1000 m. E Shandong (Weihai Shi, Yantai Shi). 6. Phedimus kamtschaticus (Fischer) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. 堪察加费菜 kan cha jia fei cai Sedum kamtschaticum Fischer & C. A. Meyer, Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 7: 54. 1840; Aizopsis kamtschatica (Fischer) Grulich; Sedum aizoon Linnaeus subsp. kamtschaticum (Fischer) Fr?derstr?m. Herbs perennial. Rootstock branched, thickened, woody. Stems mostly simple, ascending, 15–40 cm, sometimes papillate. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely 3- verticillate; leaf blade oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate, 2.5–7 * 0.5–3 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margin apically sparsely serrate to crenate, apex obtuse- rounded. Inflorescence terminal. Flowers unequally 5- merous. Sepals lanceolate, 3–4 mm, base broad, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, lanceolate, 6–8 mm, abaxially keeled, apex acuminate and mucronate. Stamens 10, slightly shorter than petals; anthers orange. Nectar scales subquadrangular, minute. Carpels erect, equaling or slightly shorter than petals, adaxially gibbous, base connate for ca. 2 mm. Follicles stellately horizontal. Seeds brown, obovoid, minute. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. Rocky slopes; 600–1800 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Russia]. 7. Phedimus odontophyllus (Fr?derstr?m) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 169. 1995. 齿叶费菜 chi ye fei cai Sedum odontophyllum Fr?derstr?m, Acta Horti Gothob. 7: 117. 1932; Aizopsis odontophylla (Fr?derstr?m) Grulich. Herbs perennial, creeping when young, glabrous. Roots long, fibrous. Sterile shoots ascending, 5–10 cm, apically often leafy. Flowering stems rooting at base, ascending, 10–30 cm. Leaves alternate, opposite, or 3- verticillate; pseudopetiole 1.1–1.8 cm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 2–5 * 1.2–2.8 cm, base abruptly tapered, margin sparsely and irregularly dentate, apex obtuse to subacute. Inflorescence branches scorpioid. Flowers sessile, 5- or 6-merous. Sepals triangular-linear, 2–2.5 mm, base dilated and spurless, apex obtuse. Petals yellow, lanceolate-oblong to subovate, 5–7 * 1.7–2 mm, base slightly narrowed, apex long mucronate. Stamens 10–12; antepetalous ones 3–4.5 mm, inserted near petal base. Nectar scales subquadrangular, ca. 0.5 * 0.4–0.6 mm, apex slightly dilated and emarginate. Carpels suberect, ovoid-oblong, 3–4 mm, adaxially slightly gibbous, base connate for 0.5–0.7 mm. Follicles stellately horizontal, ca. 5 mm, base connate for ca. 1 mm. Seeds numerous. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun. Moist shady rocks on mountain slopes; 300–1300 m. W Hubei, SE Sichuan [Nepal]. This species is used medicinally. 8. Phedimus hybridus (Linnaeus) 't Hart in 't Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. 杂交费菜 za jiao fei cai Sedum hybridum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 431. 1753; Aizopsis hybrida (Linnaeus) Grulich. Herbs perennial. Rootstock branched, prostrate, cordlike, long, woody. Stems branched, creeping, decumbent; sterile shoots short, densely leafy. Flowering stems to 30 cm. Leaves alternate; leaf blade spatulate-elliptic to obovate, 1.5–3 * 1–2 cm, base cuneate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse. Inflo- rescence terminal, 3–5 cm in diam. Flowers unequally 5-merous. Sepals often subequal, linear to suboblong, 4–8 mm. Petals yellow, lanceolate, 8–10 * ca. 4 mm. Stamens 10; anthers orange. Nectar scales small, transversely wide. Carpels divergent, yellowish green. Styles slender. Follicles initially suberect, stellately divergent at maturity, ellipsoid, 8–10 mm, base connate for ca. 2 mm. Seeds ellipsoid, less than 1 mm. Fl. Jun– Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. Rock crevices on forested slopes; 1400–2500 m. NW Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].