2002年7月26日
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Chapter 4
Application of
Designing Safer Chemicals
4.1 Isosteric Replacement of Carbon with Silicon (用硅对碳进行等电排置换)in the Design of Safer Chemicals
4.2 Designing Biodegradable Chemicals
4.3 Designing Aquatically Safer Chemicals
References
4.1 Isosteric Replacement of Carbon with Silicon (用硅对碳进行等电排置换)in the Design of Safer Chemicals
Silicon is an Isostere of Carbon
Differences between Silicon compounds and Carbon compounds
The degradation and oxidative metabolism of organic silicon compounds
Examples of isosteric replacement of carbon with silicon for the design of safer chemicals
4.1.1 Silicon is an Isosteric atom of Carbon
Common Features of Silicon and Carbon
grouped in column 4A of the Periodic Table
having many chemical similarities :
tetravalent, tetrahedral, and form stable bonds with carbon.

金刚石
碳化硅
4.1.1 Silicon is an Isosteric atom of Carbon
Organic derivatives of silicon and carbon generally have no intrinsic toxicity, in contrast with the other Group 4A elements germanium, tin, and lead.
From a toxicity perspective, silicon is the only Group 4A element that is a suitable replacement for carbon.
In addition, silicon is an abundant, inexpensive element and one that is available in a variety of forms.
The lifetime of organic silicon compounds is quite limited
Insecticide (杀虫剂) Example
Urethanes(尿烷), neutral analogs of the neuro-transmitter(神经传递质)acetylcholine(乙酰胆碱)(1), were found to be antagonists(拮抗药)of (1) with identical dose-response curves .
Interestingly, silane was much less toxic to mice than Urethane(carbon), and exhibited muscle relaxant properties .
Acetylcholine(乙酰胆碱)
Urethane(尿烷)
Muscarinic Antagonistis(蝇覃碱拮抗剂)
Carbamate
Silicon substituted Isostere of carbamate
(More degradable, less toxic to human and environment)

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