北京话中韵律边界等级和焦点对边界时长的影响
丁启璠
汉语语言学及语言获得
文学硕 文
香港中文大学 2013 年 5 月
Abstract of thesis entitled: 北京话中韵律边界等级和焦点对边界时长的影响 Submitted by: Ding Qifan for the degree of Master of Arts in Chinese Linguistic and Language Acquisition at The Chinese University of Hong Kong in June, 2013 Abstract The paper is mainly concerned with the effect of prosodic boundary (prosodic word boundary, prosodic phrase boundary and intonational phrase boundary) and focus upon duration of both pre and after boundary syllables and silence interval in Mandarin. The strategy of this study is to have 8 speakers read aloud a set of pre-designed fully meaningful sentences in discourse contexts and to perform detailed acoustic analysis of the record utterances. The experimental study indicates that both the boundary strength and focus variation have effect upon the duration of syllables which close to the boundary: 1) there is a positive relation between boundary strength (from prosodic phrase to intonational phrase) and the duration of pre-boundary syllable, while the negative relation between these two is also investigated on the after-boundary syllable. The syllable duration reach the peak in prosodic word boundary ； 2) Both pre boundary and after boundary focus increase the syllable duration. But the former has no significant influence upon the original prosodic duration model, however, the latter is different by having the duration variation of syllable less significant through different boundaries; 3) Silence pause occurs on intonational phrase boundary, and is unaffected by the boundary strength designed in this study as well as the focus conditions.
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提要 本研究主要考察北京话中韵律边界等级和焦点这两个因素对边界时长的 调节作用。其中，研究涉及的边界时长包括边界前音节、边界后音节和无声 段；韵律边界等级包括韵律词、韵律短语和语调短语。实验方法是设计实验 句子、让 8 位发音人朗读、进行录制，并对句子进行声学参数分析。研究结 果显示韵律边界等级强度和焦点都会对边界时长造成显著影响，且两者对边 界前后音节时长还存在交互影响：1）边界前音节的时长从韵律短语到语调 短语边界存在递增的趋势，而边界后音节时长则有从韵律短语到韵律词边界 递减的趋势；2）焦点会对原有的韵律等级影响边界时长的模式造成影响， 但是对边界前后音节时长的影响却不相同：首先焦点不会对边界前原有音节 时长模式造成显著影响，但是却会削弱韵律边界等级对边界后音节时长的影 响，使得边界后音节时长变化不显著；3）无声段只出现在语调短语边界， 不受韵律等级强度和焦点因素的影响。

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